Earth Sustaining Sciences SABRSLP integration with the SymECulture Symbiotic Cultivation System naturally proliferates activation in soil, water and plant biology delivering a sustainable, highly productive organic multiple focus growth program.
SABR Biosecure-Bioorganics as the Fundamental Cornerstone of Soil:
In principle, all organic materials can be transformed into soil, developing growing medium bulk and improved biological circumstance; yet it is widely considered organic material should only constitute 5% of most mineral soils. A superior Earth Sustaining Symbiotic Biotechnology approach; the Symbiotic Aquatic BioReactor Soil process (SABRSoil) maximises synergistic beneficial biology and bioorganic matter, which in addition to soil conditioning, provide vital nutrients support, especially to the rhizosphere region (plant roots vicinity) in which the soil chemistry and microbiology stability is influenced by both plant and biology growth, respiration, and nutrient exchange. The bioorganic soil components include manifolds of synergistic living organisms, fresh organic residue, and active and stabilised bioorganic matter fractions. Usually, the living soil component, a small fraction of the soil, includes the majority of microbes. The active organic matter is generally unstable and more than 85% of it rapidly disappears as decomposition progresses. However, in the case of the SABRSoil process, these percentages are more beneficially managed. Humus, a complex mixture of organic substances resistant to further decomposition and over time significantly modified from the original forms is usually the most abundant and stable soil component organic matter; containing substances that during the process of decomposition have been synthesised by soil organisms.
Benefits of Biosecure-Bioorganic Soil Management:
Biosecure-bioorganic soil matter content is most important as the primary nutrient supply and soil conditioning factor in crop production systems. Synergistic bioorganic soil matter balances natural chemical and biological processes helping to maintain ideal soil quality parameters, improved water infiltration and water-holding capacity, serving as a nutrients and water reservoir and supplies crops as needed. Bioorganic soil matter plays a significant role in disease and insect pests management by improving the rhizosphere activity and boosting crop vigour. Bioorganic soil matter contains many negatively charged surfaces with a high affinity for organics and metals that might otherwise cause pollution. It has a high pH buffering capacity to resist changes in pH, so soil pH can be tailored or stabilised at the near neutral level. Soils, rich in bioorganic matter also maintain a high cation exchange capacity. With a high level of bioorganic matter, the physical properties and soil tilth is improved, and soil particle size tends to be larger with good structure. Similarly, soil humus ties carbon in the soil reducing otherwise emitted atmospheric carbon dioxide contributing to a greenhouse effect. Soil microbial diversity and quantity generally improve as bioorganic matter increases. Microbiology pays a major role the bioorganic matter decomposition process. With a high level of bioorganic soil matter, beneficial microorganisms reproduce and grow rapidly hastening the decomposition process. High bioorganic soil matter also accelerates mineral weathering, and increases soil pore space, decreasing bulk density.
Factors that Control Bioorganic Soil Matter Build-Up Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio:
The carbon to nitrogen ratio is a major determining factor in the speed of organic material decomposition and nutrient release patterns. Low carbon to nitrogen ratio (< 20:1) favours rapid decomposition resulting in rapid nutrients release. Many responsible beneficial decomposition organisms getting their food source from decomposing materials with a low carbon to nitrogen ratio can multiply rapidly. A medium carbon to nitrogen ratio (between 20:1 and 30:1) results in nutrients release, but the decomposition is slow enough not to have excess nutrients released at the expense of the amount of bioorganic matter being added to the soil. High carbon to nitrogen ratio (>30:1) is an indication that the material is composed of difficult-to-break carbonaceous materials such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. High carbon to nitrogen ratio organic materials tend to stay on the surface of the soil or in the soil for a very long time. Microbes use available soil nitrogen and other nutrients to decompose high C:N ratio materials resulting in net immobilisation of nitrogen. It is very important for an organic producer to make sure materials with low and medium carbon to nitrogen ratios are bulked with those of high carbon to nitrogen ratios to avoid short term plant stress due to insufficient amounts of nitrogen. For instance, usually if it is planned to incorporate wheat straw into the soil, it is important to add low carbon to nitrogen ratio materials such as alfalfa, hairy vetch, or compost to supply nitrogen for microbes which will decompose the straw. The SABRSoil process, beneficially manages this with direct biological column inoculation.
The Earth Sustaining Biotechnology Symbiotic Cultivation Processes
Smart growth
Developing an economy based on sound, practiced knowledge and innovation. As a member of the scientific biostimulants sector and research-based industry, ESS generates knowledge and innovation for a societally prosperous bio-based economy.
Sustainable growth:
Promoting a more resource efficient, greener and more cooperative economy through the utilisation of minimal risk biostimulants to sustainably improve agriculture.
Inclusive growth:
Fostering an improved employment, business generating and business productivity economy delivering local, regional and national ecological and societal cohesion.
Improving:
Nutrient uptake efficiency inducing superior quality and yield, coupled with drought resilience and pest and disease resistance.
Facilitating:
Nutrient assimilation, translocation and beneficial use,
Increasing:
Plant tolerance to and recovery from abiotic stresses,
Advancing:
Quality attributes of produce, including carbon and cellulose content, colour, fruit seeding, etc.,
Rendering:
Greater efficiency in water management,
Enhancing:
Soil fertility, particularly by fostering the development of complementary soil biology.
Distinguishing Balanced Natural Biostimulants From Traditional Crop Advancement inputs:
Natural Biostimulants: operate through different mechanisms than fertilisers, regardless of the presence of nutrients in the products.
Balanced Natural Biostimulants:
Differ from crop protection products because they act only on the plant’s vigour and do not have any direct actions against pests or disease.
Balanced Effective Natural Crop Biostimulation:
Is thus complementary to crop nutrition, crop advancement, harvest improvement and ecological protection.
Balanced Plant Biostimulants:
Contain substance(s) or microorganisms whose function when applied to plants or the rhizosphere is to stimulate natural processes to enhance/benefit nutrient uptake, nutrient efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress, and crop quality. This enables productive plants to uptake nutrients according to their needs.
Earth Sustaining Sciences.Tech BioStim:
Naturally Plant biostimulants contain substance(s) or microorganisms whose function when applied to plants or the rhizosphere is to stimulate natural processes to enhance/benefit nutrient uptake, nutrient efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress, and crop quality. Natural biostimulants are a critical ingredient in sustainability and can dramatically reduce the use of ecologically oppressing chemical stimulation and fertilisation.
Earth Sustaining Sciences.Tech BioGrow:
BioGrow is a phytonutrient rhizosphere applied inoculation accelerating natural growth system for crops and rehabilitation plantings, including dry or water-soak plantings. The system can also be blended with a permeable, soils and particulates’ binder and stabiliser (BioBindActive) and can be applied at concentration and saturation rates tailored to the climate, receiving medium and plant requirements. The solution binds the soil assisting in erosion and evaporation reduction, allowing moisture-soil permeation through the bound surface, maintaining the light seal reducing soil evaporation when dry. BioGrow can also be blended with BioSeal as required to manage soils and surfaces that present greater difficulty.
Earth Sustaining Sciences.Tech BioNute:
BioNute is a rhizosphere mycorrhiza enhancing liquor inoculation natural growth accelerator for crops and rehabilitation plantings. A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a green plant and a fungus. The plant makes organic molecules such as sugars by photosynthesis and supplies them to the fungus, while the fungus supplies the plant with water and mineral nutrients, such as phosphorus, taken from the soil. Mycorrhizas are located in the roots of vascular plants, but mycorrhiza-like associations also occur in bryophytes, and there is fossil evidence that early land plants that lacked roots formed arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. Most plant species form mycorrhizal associations, though some families like Brassicaceae and Chenopodiaceae cannot. Different forms for the association are detailed in the next section. The most common is the arbuscular type that is present in 70% of plant species, including many crop plants such as wheat and rice. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant’s rhizosphere, its root system. Mycorrhizae play important roles in plant nutrition, soil biology, and soil chemistry. microorganisms whose function when applied to plants or the rhizosphere is to stimulate natural processes to enhance/benefit nutrient uptake, nutrient efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress, and crop quality. Natural biostimulants are a critical ingredient in sustainability and can dramatically reduce the use of ecologically oppressing chemical stimulation and fertilisation.
Earth Sustaining Sciences.Tech BioFert:
BioFert is a topical phytonutrient accelerating topical natural growth system for crops and rehabilitation plantings, including dry or water-soak plantings. The system can also be blended with a permeable, soils and particulates’ binder and stabiliser (BioBindActive) and can be applied at concentration and saturation rates tailored to the climate, receiving medium and plant requirements. The solution binds the soil assisting in erosion and evaporation reduction, allowing moisture-soil permeation through the bound surface, maintaining the light seal reducing soil evaporation when dry. BioGrow can also be blended with BioSeal as required to manage soils and surfaces that present greater difficulty.
Earth Sustaining Sciences.Tech BioMax:
Perfected in 2020, BioMax is the most powerful SABR phytonutrient accelerating topical natural soil development and growth combination system for crops and rehabilitation plantings. The system is biologically superior and more extensively complex than the other processes, however, is suited to reinvigorated soils. BioMax provides highly advanced biogenic further development and robust pluming enrichment expansion and longevity of soils and cultivation mediums through rapid natural pasture progressing and can be applied at concentration and saturation rates tailored to the climate, receiving medium and plant/crop requirements. Sampey’s Earth Sustaining Symbiotic Biotechnology and The Earth Sustaining Sciences Institute BioMax is a complex symbiotic combination of Advanced SABR process organics and natural biostimulant processes delivering highly advanced balanced rhizosphere and phyllosphere bionutrification. The Earth Sustaining Sciences Institute has been working with extended Bionutrients experiments originally developed by NASA for testing a way to use microorganisms to produce nutrients off Earth and on demand that will be critical for human health in space. Earth Sustaining Symbiotic Biotechnology focused upon developing soil and plant (cultivation) bionutrients (bionutrification) to advance simple, on-demand natural soil contamination treatment/management and economic natural nutrient production systems for all levels of agriculture at both domestic and commercial levels.
Soil Contamination Management:
Soil contamination or soil pollution as part of land degradation is caused by un-natural alteration in the natural soil environment generally by the presence of xenobiotics (human-made) chemicals and/or typically by agricultural exacerbation (over use of lands) and agricultural, industrial and urban effluents. The most common natural actions involved are acid mine/rock drainage and industrial base irritant and caustic elements production chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (such as naphthalene and benzo(a)pyrene), solvents, pesticides, lead, and other heavy metals. Contamination is correlated with the degree of industrialisation and intensity of chemical substance. The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, from direct contact with the contaminated soil, vapours from the contaminants, or from secondary contamination of water supplies within and underlying the soil. Mapping of contaminated soil sites and the resulting clean ups are time-consuming and expensive tasks, requiring extensive amounts of geology, hydrology, chemistry, computer modelling skills, and GIS in environmental contamination, as well as an appreciation of the history of industrial chemistry. Any activity that leads to other forms of soil degradation (erosion, compaction, etc.) may indirectly worsen the contamination effects in that soil remediation becomes more tedious. Historical deposition of coal ash used for residential, commercial, and industrial heating, as well as for industrial processes such as ore smelting, were a common source of contamination in areas that were industrialised prior to 1960. Coal naturally concentrates lead and zinc, as well as other heavy metals to a lesser degree during its formation. When the coal is burned, most of these metals become concentrated in the ash with the principal exception being mercury. Coal ash and slag may contain sufficient lead to qualify as a “characteristic hazardous waste”, defined in the US as containing more than 5 mg/l of extractable lead using the TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching procedure) procedure. In addition to lead, coal ash typically contains variable significant polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; for example benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, indeno(cd)pyrene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and others) concentrations. These PAHs are known human carcinogens and the acceptable concentrations of them in soil are typically around 1 mg/kg. Coal ash and slag can be recognised by the presence of off-white grains in soil, grey heterogeneous soil, or (coal slag) bubbly, vesicular pebble-sized grains. Treated sewage sludge, known in the industry as biosolids, has become controversial as a fertiliser. As it is the by-product of sewage treatment, however, in many cases it generally contains more contaminants such as organisms, pesticides, and heavy metals than other soil.
Pesticides and Herbicides:
A pesticide is a substance used to kill a pest. A pesticide may be a chemical substance, biological agent (such as a virus or bacteria), antimicrobial, disinfectant or device used against any pest. Pests include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, molluscs, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms) and microbes that compete with humans for food, destroy property, spread or are a vector for disease or cause a nuisance. Although there are benefits to the use of pesticides, there are also drawbacks, such as potential toxicity to humans and other organisms. Herbicides are used to kill weeds, especially on pavements and railways. They are similar to auxins, and most are biodegradable by soil bacteria. However, one group derived from trinitrotoluene (2:4 D and 2:4:5 T) have the impurity dioxin, which is very toxic and causes fatality even in low concentrations. Another herbicide is Paraquat. It is highly toxic, but it rapidly degrades in soil due to the action of bacteria and does not kill soil fauna. Insecticides are used to rid farms of pests which damage crops. The insects damage not only standing crops but also stored ones and, in the tropics, it is reckoned that one third of the total production is lost during food storage. As with fungicides, the first insecticides used in the nineteenth century were inorganic e.g. Paris Green and other compounds of arsenic. Nicotine has also been used since the late eighteenth century. There are now two main groups of synthetic insecticides:
Parathion is highly toxic, methyl-parathion is less so and Malathion is generally considered safe as it has low toxicity and is rapidly broken down in the mammalian liver. This group works by preventing normal nerve transmission as cholinesterase is prevented from breaking down the transmitter substance acetylcholine, resulting in uncontrolled muscle movements.
BioMax Benefits:
BioMax is a compete complex symbiotic combination of organics developing a balanced set of bionutrification bends for domestic and commercial sails bionutrification an agriculture biofertigation. Organic fertilisers are fertilisers derived from animal matter, animal excreta (manure), human excreta, and vegetable matter (e.g. compost and crop residues). Naturally occurring organic fertilisers include animal wastes from meat processing, peat, manure, slurry, and guano. In contrast, the majority of fertilisers used in commercial farming are extracted from minerals (e.g., phosphate rock) or produced industrially (e.g., ammonia). Organic agriculture, a system of farming, allows for certain fertilisers and amendments and disallows others; that is also distinct from this topic. Natural farming is using what the Earth provides, applied in an intergenerationally sustainable beneficial manner. Organic matter, organic material, or natural organic matter refers to the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial and aquatic environments. It is matter composed of organic compounds that have come from the remains of organisms such as plants and animals and their waste products in the environment. Manure (organic waste) is organic matter that is used as organic fertiliser in agriculture. Most manure consists of animal faeces; other sources include compost and green manure. Manures contribute to the fertility of soil by adding nutrient value organic matter, such as nitrogen, carbon and sulphur that are utilised by soil bacteria, fungi and other organisms. Higher organisms in a chain of life that comprises the soil food web then feed on the fungi and bacteria. Organic molecules can also be made by chemical reactions that do not involve life. Basic structures are created from cellulose, tannin, cutin, and lignin, along with other various proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Organic matter is very important in the movement of nutrients in the environment and plays a role in water retention on the surface of the planet.
BioMax is a set of proven combinations for
Soil Fertility:
Soil fertility (nutrient value-nutrition) refers to the ability of soil to sustain agricultural plant growth, i.e., to provide plant habitat and effective cultivation resulting in sustained and consistent yields of high-quality produce. A fertile soil generally has the ability to supply essential plant nutrients and water in adequate amounts and proportions for plant growth and reproduction, and the absence of toxic substances which may inhibit plant growth.
The following properties contribute to soil fertility in most situations:
Maintenance of soil fertility typically requires the use of soil conservation practices. This is because soil erosion and other forms of soil degradation generally result in a decline in quality with respect to one or more of the indicated aspects.
Non-Arable Land:
Prior to the development of the BioMax process, non-arable land was previously considered as land that could rarely be converted to arable land through methods such as loosening and tilling (breaking up) of the soil, though in more extreme cases the degree of modification required to make certain types of land arable was previously prohibitively expensive. BioMax processes change this position availing the ability to economically, ecologically, environmentally and societally sustainably (ecosocietally sustainably) convert non-arable land to arable land in the wastelands to richlands delivery.
Arable land:
Arable land is any land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops. (Beach sand can be ploughed and used to grow crops…however, how successfully is an unknown factor.) Therefore, the general description of Arable land is flawed and should read. Arable land is any land capable of being ploughed and used to effectively grow crops. Alternatively, for the purposes of agricultural statistics, the term often has a more precise definition: arable land is the land under temporary agricultural crops (multiple-cropped areas are counted only once), temporary meadows mowed or pasture, land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily in fallow (less than five years). The abandoned land resulting from shifting cultivation is not included in this category. A more concise definition similarly refers to actual rather than potential uses: land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly, generally under a system of crop rotation.
Converting Non-Arable Land to Arable Land
BioMax Soil Enrichment:
Bioavailable phosphorus is the element in soil that is most often lacking. Nitrogen and potassium are also needed in substantial amounts. For this reason, these three elements are always identified on a commercial fertiliser analysis. For example, a 10-10-15 fertiliser has 10% nitrogen, 10% (P2O5) available phosphorus and 15% (K2O) water-soluble potassium. Sulphur is the fourth element that may be identified in a commercial analysis, e.g. 21-0-0-24 which would contain 21% nitrogen and 24% sulfate (Sulphate: is a sulphur containing ion SO4 with valency of -2 and form salts with metallic elements like Na2SO4 (Sodium sulphate) or CaSO4(Calcium sulphate ) or H2SO4 (Sulphuric acid) In brief all three are sulphur containing compounds with various combinations. Inorganic fertilisers are generally less expensive and have higher concentrations of nutrients than organic fertilisers. Also, since nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium generally must be in the inorganic forms to be taken up by plants, inorganic fertilisers are generally immediately bioavailable to plants without modification. However, some have criticised the use of inorganic fertilisers, claiming that the water-soluble nitrogen doesn’t provide for the long-term needs of the plant and creates water pollution. Slow-release fertilisers may reduce leaching loss of nutrients and may make the nutrients that they provide available over a longer period of time. Soil fertility is a complex process involving the constant cycling of organic and inorganic nutrients. As plant material and animal wastes are decomposed by microorganisms, they release inorganic nutrients to the soil solution, a process referred to as mineralisation. Those nutrients may then undergo further transformations which may be enabled and/or aided by soil microorganisms. Like plants, many microorganisms require and/or preferentially use inorganic forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and/or potassium and will compete with plants for these nutrients, tying up the nutrients in microbial biomass, a process often called immobilisation. The balance between immobilisation and mineralisation processes depends on the balance and availability of major nutrients and organic carbon to soil microorganisms, a key factor stimulated by BioMax. Natural processes such as lightning strikes may fix atmospheric nitrogen by converting it to NO2. Denitrification may occur under anaerobic conditions such as inundation in the presence of denitrifying bacteria. Nutrient cations, including potassium and many micronutrients, are held in relatively strong bonds with the negatively charged portions of the soil in a process known as cation exchange.
*Note: Cation-exchange capacity is a measure of how many cations can be retained on soil particle surfaces. Negative charges on the surfaces of soil particles bind positively charged atoms or molecules (cations) but allow these to exchange with other positively charged particles in the surrounding soil water. This is one of the ways that solid materials in soil alter the chemistry of the soil. Cation-exchange capacity affects many aspects of soil chemistry, and is used as a measure of soil fertility, because it indicates the capacity of the soil to retain several nutrients (e.g. potassium (K⁺), ammonium (NH₄)4⁺, calcium (Ca²⁺) in plant-available form. It also indicates the capacity to retain pollutant cations (e.g. Pb²⁺).
In 2008 the cost of phosphorus as fertiliser more than doubled, while the price of rock phosphate as base commodity rose eight-fold. Recently the term peak phosphorus has been coined, due to the limited occurrence of rock phosphate in the world.
Light and CO2 Limitations:
Photosynthesis, the process whereby plants use light energy to drive chemical reactions which convert CO2 into sugars demonstrates that all plants require access to both light and carbon dioxide to produce energy, grow and reproduce. While typically limited by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, low levels of carbon dioxide can also act as a limiting factor on plant growth. Peer-reviewed and published scientific studies have shown that increasing CO2 is highly effective at promoting plant growth up to levels more than 300 ppm. Further increases in CO2 can, to a very small degree, continue to increase net photosynthetic output.
Soil Depletion:
Soil depletion occurs when the components which contribute to fertility are removed and not replaced, and the conditions which support soil’s fertility are not maintained. This leads to poor crop yields. In agriculture, depletion can be due to excessively intense cultivation and inadequate soil management. Soil fertility can be severely challenged when land-use undergoes rapid change. One of the most widespread occurrences of soil depletion as of 2008 is in tropical zones due to the combined effects of growing population densities, large-scale industrial logging, slash-and-burn agriculture, ranching, and other factors. In some locations soils are depleted through rapid and almost total nutrient removal where nutrient content of soils is already low. This can be remedied naturally and ecosocietally. Soil nutrient depletion has affected the state of plant life and crops in agriculture across the globe. In the middle east for example, many countries find it difficult to grow produce because of droughts, lack of soil, and lack of irrigation, partly due to aquifer mismanagement. Topsoil depletion occurs when the organic and nutrient-rich topsoil, which takes hundreds to thousands of years to build up under natural conditions, is eroded or depleted of its original organic material. Historically, many civilisations’ collapses can be attributed to the depletion of topsoil. Approximately one-half of its topsoil of the Great Plains of North America has disappeared since the beginning of agricultural production in the 1880s. Depletion may also occur through a variety of other effects, including over tillage (which damages soil structure), underuse of nutrient inputs which leads to mining of the soil nutrient bank, and the salinisation of soil. Irrigation water quality is of high importance in maintaining soil fertility and tilth, and for encouraging greater soil depth usage by the plants.
Topsoil loss takes place in alkali soils due to erosion by rainwater, surface flows or drainage as in contact with water they form colloids (fine mud). Plants absorb water-soluble inorganic salts only from the soil for their growth. Soil as such does not lose fertility just by growing crops but it loses its fertility due to accumulation of unwanted, and depletion of wanted inorganic salts from the soil by improper irrigation and acid rainwater (quantity and quality of water). The fertility of many soils which are not suitable for plant growth can be gradually enhanced many times by providing adequate irrigation water of suitable quality coupled with balanced soil nutrification, and good drainage from the soil.
Shifting cultivation:
Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned while post-disturbance fallow vegetation is allowed to freely grow while the cultivator moves on to another plot. The period of cultivation is usually terminated when the soil shows signs of exhaustion or, more commonly, when the field is overrun by weeds. The length of time that a field is cultivated is usually shorter than the period over which the land is allowed to regenerate by lying fallow. This technique is often used in LEDCs (Less Economically Developed Countries) or LICs (Low Income Countries). In some areas, cultivators use a practice of slash-and-burn as one element of their farming cycle; others employ land clearing without any burning, while some cultivators are purely migratory and do not use any cyclical method on a given plot. Sometimes no slashing at all is needed where regrowth is purely dominated by grasses, an outcome not uncommon when soils are near exhaustion and need to lie fallow. In shifting agriculture, after two or three years of producing vegetable and grain crops on cleared land, the migrants abandon it for another plot. Land is often cleared by slash-and-burn methods; trees, bushes and forests are cleared by slashing, and the remaining vegetation is burnt. The ashes add potash to the soil. Then seeds are sown after the rains.
BioMax has proven to economically rapidly enduringly assist in all applications.
